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Identity Theft: What is, How to Prevent It, and Warning Signs and Tips
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Identity Theft: What Is, How To Avoid It, Warning Signs and Tips
ID theft happens when someone illegally poses as you, usually to steal money. Be aware of these warning indications and preventive tips.
By Bev O’Shea personal finance writer | MSN Money, Credit.com, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Orlando Sentinel Bev O’Shea is a former NerdWallet authority on consumer credit, scams and identity theft. She holds a bachelor’s level degree of journalism at Auburn University and a master’s in education from Georgia State University. Prior to joining NerdWallet, she worked for daily newspapers, MSN Money and Credit.com. Her work has been featured throughout the world in The New York Times, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, MarketWatch, USA Today, MSN Money and other publications. Twitter: @BeverlyOShea.
7 February 2023
Written by Kathy Hinson Lead Assigning Editor Personal finances, credit scoring debt and money management Kathy Hinson leads the core personal finance team at NerdWallet. In the past, she worked for 18 years working at The Oregonian in Portland in positions such as copy desk chief and team director of design and editing. Previous experience included copy and news editing for various Southern California newspapers, including the Los Angeles Times. She received a bachelor’s degree in mass communication and journalism at the University of Iowa.
A majority of the products featured here are provided by our partners who pay us. This affects the products we write about as well as the place and way the product is featured on the page. However, it does not affect our opinions. Our opinions are entirely our own. Here is a list of and .
Identity theft is the use of your personal information such as your name, Social Security number, birth date and so on. — to impersonate you, and typically uses that information to extort money from you. The Federal Trade Commission received 1.43 million complaints about identity theft from people in 2021.
Here’s what you need to be aware of to minimize the chance that you’ll be a target, look out for warning signs and take swift action to reduce the any damage.
What is identity theft?
Identity theft happens when someone is able to use your sensitive information to pretend to be you or take your money. Identity thieves may steal your investment and bank accounts, establish new credit lines, get utility services, take taxes, utilize your insurance information to gain medical treatment, or provide police your address and name in the event of their arrest.
Data breaches that are frequent can mean that your personal information could have been exposed. In today’s world it’s important to take precautions to stop criminals from stealing your personal information and ruining your financial situation.
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7 types of identity theft and the warning signs
If a criminal is able to access your info, here are common ways it may be used:
1. The theft of credit card information
Identity theft occurs when a criminal uses your personal details like birthdate or Social Security number, to apply for an additional credit line.
Signs to be aware of: You may observe a sudden increase in your credit score or an account that you do not recognize from your credit records. You could receive debt collection notices or an order from a judge against you. The best method to avoid it is to stop the freezing of your credit.
2. Identity theft of children
Criminals and request credit in the child’s name. Often it is not discovered when the victim is attempting to apply in college loans or other credit.
Alert signs: If you notice that your child is receiving offers of credit cards or phone calls about debt collection or late payments, investigate. You can to prevent it.
3. Synthetic identity theft
is when criminals use the jumble of identities to construct a fictitious consumer, using the Social Security number — usually one of the minor child or simply made up — which is not yet on the credit bureaus’ database and combining it with a name and address. They then apply for loans as well as credit card, usually making payments for years as the credit limits increase. Then , there’s a “bust in,” when cards are overloaded and criminals disappear.
Beware of warning signs: If you attempt to block your child’s credit and find that their Social Security number is already being used. Most of the time, it’s not discovered until the child has applied in the process of applying for school loans. It’s not always possible to prevent, because sometimes criminals make up the Social Security number even before it is assigned.
4. Identity theft from taxpayers
Sometimes, fraudsters make use of a Social Security number to file a tax return and steal your tax refund or tax credit.
Warning signs: You may not be able to file electronically because someone else has filed under that Social Security number, you get an IRS notice or letter that identifies an activity that you didn’t know about or IRS records suggest you worked for an employer that you do not. It can be a deterrent to file your tax return as well as some states offer 6-digit PINs for identity security (after a rigorous verification) with added security.
5. Identity theft for medical professionals
Utilizing someone else’s name to get health care services is medical identity theft. It’s particularly dangerous because it could result in mixing medical histories, giving doctors and hospitals incorrect information when they’re making health-related decisions.
Alert signs: Claims or payments on your insurance explanation of benefits that you don’t acknowledge could indicate that someone has been using your health care benefits. If you’ve fallen victim, you must notify your insurance provider and notify your health care team to ensure that the information contained in your medical records is truly yours.
6. Account takeover
Criminals make use of personal information to gain access to your financial accounts. They then change passwords or addresses, so that you do not have access.
Signs to be wary A letter, email or text from your financial institution referring to an act (like an email or password change) or transaction you aren’t familiar with.
7. Criminal identity theft
Criminal identity theft occurs when someone provides law enforcement officials with an address and name of another when they are investigating an arrest. It is usually done using false identification, such as fake driver’s licenses.
Warning signs: You may be detained by a police officer for reasons that are unclear for you. You could also not granted a job or a promotion because of something you’ve found during a background check.
>> > LEARN: What’s in Canada?
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11 ways to avoid identity theft
It’s unlikely that you’ll find a secure method for preventing identity theft. Monitoring services only let you know after something has gone wrong. However, there are 11 steps you can do to make it much harder for identity thieves.
1. You can freeze your credit
with all the three credit agencieswith the three major credit bureaus – Equifax, Experian and TransUnion This restricts access to your information, meaning that your credit files can’t be opened. Freezing your credit and unfreeze when you want to open an account and it offers the best protection against an identity thief using your personal information to open a new bank account.
2. Secure your Social Security number
You Social Security number is the principal password to your personal information. Make sure you protect it as best as you can. If you’re asked for your phone number, you should ask the reason why you need it and how it will be secured. Don’t take your card on your person. Make sure you securely store or destroy any paperwork with your Social Security number.
3. Be aware of phishing scams and fraud
Scammers can make phone calls seem to be from businesses or government agencies or even emails that appear to be legitimate may represent attempts at stealing your information. Request a callback, or reply to an email on your own, working from a known organization, such as their official site, instead of answering a call or email. Be wary of attachments – they may contain malware.
4. Use strong passwords and also add an authentication step
Make use of a password manager to create and keep secure distinctive passwords that you can use for accounts. Don’t reuse passwords. The addition of an authenticator application could reduce your risk. Do not rely on security questions to ensure your accounts are secure; your mother’s maiden name and your pet’s name aren’t hard to track down. Think carefully about the information you share to ensure that you don’t divulge key data or clues about the way you respond to security questions.
5. Use alerts
Many banks will send you texts or email you when transactions are processed on your account. Sign up so that you are aware of the times and places your credit card is used and when there are withdrawals or deposits made to financial accounts and more.
6. Keep an eye on your mailbox
The theft of mail is among the most common routes to a stolen identity. Have your mail held if you’re not in town. You might want to consider a U.S. Postal Service-approved lockable mailbox. You can also sign up via the USPS, which gives you an overview of your mail to tell if anything is missing.
7. Shred shred
Any bank, credit card and investment statement that anyone could take out of your junk shouldn’t be there in the first place. Shred junk mail, too and especially offers that have been preapproved for credit.
8. Make use of an electronic wallet
If you’re making payments online or in a store make use of a digital wallet, an app containing secure, digital versions of credit and debit cards. You can use it to shop online or use any checkout terminal that is compatible. Transactions are encrypted and tokenized making them more secure. Additionally, transactions that are not involving contact are less risky for health.
9. Protect your mobile devices
. According to Javelin’s report just 47 percent routinely secure our devices on mobile. Use passwords on your electronic devices. Use a banking app instead of a mobile browser to manage your banking.
10. Make sure you check your credit reports frequently
The three main credit bureaus have been offering consumers access to free credit reports every week until the end of 2023. available via . Make sure your accounts are being reported properly and be on the lookout for signs of fraud, like accounts you don’t recognize. You can also sign-up for a from NerdWallet to be alerted when there is a change.
11. Review medical and financial statements.
Read the financial statements. Make sure you recognize each transaction. Know due dates and call to investigate if you do not receive the anticipated invoice. Check the “explanation of the benefits” statements to ensure that you understand the benefits offered to protect yourself from health fraud in the field of health care.
Know how your credit is scored
Check your score for free and the factors that impact it, plus insights into ways to continue building.
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10 ways identity theft happens
Here are some of the ways that your personal information could be compromised:
1. Lost wallet
If your wallet is taken or misplaced, somebody else may get access to all of the information in it.
Don’t carry your Social Security card or more credit cards than the ones you regularly use and don’t have an inventory of passwords and access codes in your wallet.
Take photocopies of your credit cards, front and back, and keep them in a secure location to make it easy for you to contact the issuer in case the card or wallet has been stolen. Certain issuers let you temporary “turn off” the card that was lost; with others, you have to cancel the card and then get a new card.
2. Mailbox theft
Someone simply takes your mail or forwards your mail at a new address, which means that you cease receiving most mail.
Join now and you’ll receive an email with images of the items that should be delivered to you , so you’ll be aware of items that are missing.
Select a safe mailbox and get mail quickly.
3. Using public Wi-Fi
Hackers may be able to observe what you’re doing while using free Wi-Fi.
Don’t use public Wi-Fi for banking, shopping, or other transactions that require your attention.
If you choose to use public Wi-Fi, make use of the virtual private network service to establish a secure connection.
4. Data breaches
Hackers gain access to databases that hold sensitive information, such as in security breaches like Equifax security breach at the credit bureau in 2017. Nearly everyone was affected a .
Consider that your information is already out there and take precautions accordingly.
The sudden changes in your credit report could provide clues — so be sure to read your financial and insurance statements carefully. Check your credit reports regularly, especially for new accounts or inquiries resulting from credit applications.
5. SIM card swap
This happens when an individual . It is possible that you will not receive texts and calls and you might also receive notification that your mobile has been turned off.
Set up a PIN or password for your mobile account.
Think about using an authentication application for accounts that contain sensitive financial information.
6. Phishing or fakery
Some fraudsters try to get the user to reveal personal information, such as the number of your credit card, Social Security numbers and banking information, by sending an official-looking email. Spoofing is similar things with caller ID, to make the phone number appear to be that of a trusted company or government agency.
Don’t divulge personal information in response to an email or phone call.
Find contact details from a trusted source like your bank’s website, and use it to verify whether the email or call is genuine.
7. Skimming
The practice of skimming is the process of obtaining credit card data, typically through a tiny device when a credit card is used at a brick and mortar store, like a gas pump or ATM.
Use cards with chips, which have added protections.
Pay inside at the station, if you can, because skimming devices are more likely to be installed at payment sites that are not monitored.
Be alerted to fraudulent activity before it is too late By setting up text or email alerts that notify you when your credit card is being used. If a card is used without your authorization, call the issuer right away.
8. Telephone scams
You may be told you’ve won something, or even that you are at risk of being detained. The caller claims to need personal, banking or credit card information to verify your identity and to know where to deposit your money.
Don’t divulge any personal information via the telephone.
Take note of . The IRS, for example, is not the first to contact taxpayers by phone (or social media or email) to inquire about financial or personal details, nor does it call for threats to arrest, or even lawsuits.
9. Watching your shoulder
Criminals can be taught an account’s password simply through watching the fingers as you type it into. The information of your credit cards can be taken with a smartphone while you shop on the internet in a public space. A business might expose sensitive data to the public where they are able to view it.
Be aware of your surroundings.
Don’t leave cards on the ground where they could be observed.
Cover your hand when you enter passwords or codes.
10. Malware
Opening an email attachment or visiting an infected website can install malicious software on your computer, such as a keylogger. It does exactly what it sounds like — logs every keystroke, giving criminals access to passwords accounts, passwords, and other information.
Be cautious about clicking on attachments or links in emails and about the websites you go to.
Use a password manager, which allows you to avoid typing into passwords for login.
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How to report identity theft
This is one-stop-shop for information and reporting identity theft. Begin by visiting the site operated through the Federal Trade Commission, and follow the steps it recommends to make a recovery plan. You may also need to call your local police department, and the Postal Service and the credit bureaus. The IRS has a hotline for identity theft at 800-908-4490and web page.
You can also go directly to your credit card issuer in the event that your credit card has been stolen, lost or was used without your knowledge. If it appears someone else used your health benefit, contact your health insurance company and think about making contact with the provider involved to ensure that another person’s health history isn’t in any way a part of your own.
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What happens when you make a report of identity theft?
Identity theft is reported and begins an investigation and the process of getting your name back. The exact procedure will be contingent on the nature of the identity theft.
Credit card issuers typically swap the cards for new ones with a different number, and you’re back to business. Identity theft of taxpayers, or the theft of benefits generally will take longer to resolve.
No matter which type or identity theft that you experience take detailed notes on conversations on the phone and keep copies of emails.
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What is the most effective identity theft protection program?
The Identity theft security services inform you know that your personal data has been misused, or is at risk due to being disclosed as part of a data breach. If you’re a victim of identity theft they can assist you and pay you back for the costs to assist you in the process of removing the mess and restoring your identity.
In the event that you’re doing everything you can do to protect your privacy or think you don’t have time to protect your identity, you may be interested in an additional protection plan. They vary, but they all offer additional options to safeguard your privacy and other options. The most effective choice of paid services is one that works with your budget and provides the coverage you care about.
Before you buy one, though, ensure that there’s nothing you’re using.
If you decide to buy, NerdWallet has reviews of:
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The author’s bio: Bev O’Shea is a former credit writer at NerdWallet. Her work has been featured in publications such as the New York Times, Washington Post, MarketWatch and elsewhere.
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